What kind of complications can occur with the use of NIV, especially in patients with acute respiratory failure?

• A. Severe pneumonia
• B. Confusion and delirium
• C. Gastric distention and skin pressure lesions
• D. Complete respiratory failure

Answer: (C)

The complications associated with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in patients experiencing acute respiratory failure can include gastric distention and skin pressure lesions.

Gastric distention can occur due to the increased airway pressure from the NIV interface, which can lead to an accumulation of air in the stomach. This may be exacerbated by the effects of positive pressure ventilation, and if the patient is unable to effectively burp or manage their airway secretions, the distention can cause discomfort and further complications.

Skin pressure lesions, often referred to as pressure ulcers, can develop at the points of contact between the NIV mask and the skin, especially if the mask is improperly fitted or left on for prolonged periods. These lesions arise from both consistent pressure and moisture buildup, which compromises skin integrity over time.

Understanding these potential complications is critical for healthcare providers to monitor and manage patients effectively while on NIV, promoting better outcomes and preventing additional health issues.