What is the consequence of excessive tidal volume settings in a ventilated patient?

• A. Decreased risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia
• B. Improved oxygen delivery to tissues
• C. Increased risk of lung injury
• D. Reduced work of breathing

Answer: (C)

Setting excessive tidal volume in a ventilated patient can lead to an increased risk of lung injury, specifically ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). When tidal volumes exceed the normal physiological range, it can cause overdistension of the alveoli. This overstretching not only damages the alveolar-capillary membrane but also can lead to increased pressure in the lungs, resulting in barotrauma or volutrauma.

Furthermore, excessive tidal volumes can activate inflammatory responses in the lung tissue, worsening pre-existing conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It can diminish the lung's ability to exchange gases effectively, leading to complications such as atelectasis and impaired overall lung function.

Maintaining appropriate tidal volumes is crucial for minimizing these risks and ensuring safer mechanical ventilation, which ultimately protects lung integrity and improves patient outcomes.