In the event of an unexpected decrease in tidal volume observed during mechanical ventilation, what's the first action a respiratory therapist should consider?

• A. Check for patient anxiety.
• B. Evaluate the ventilator settings.
• C. Inspect the circuit for leaks.
• D. Increase the PEEP level.

Answer: (C)

When faced with an unexpected decrease in tidal volume during mechanical ventilation, inspecting the circuit for leaks is crucial because leaks can critically affect the volume of air delivered to the patient. A leak anywhere in the ventilator circuit can result in reduced tidal volume, as the air that is intended for the patient escapes before it reaches the lungs. Finding and fixing any leaks should be the first priority, as the integrity of the circuit is essential for effective ventilation.

Once potential leaks are ruled out or addressed, other factors such as patient compliance, ventilator settings, and the presence of patient anxiety can be evaluated. While these are all important considerations, identifying and resolving leaks in the circuit directly influences the efficacy of ventilation, making it the most pressing issue in this scenario.