In bilevel pressure assist, what pressure levels does a clinician set?

• A. An inspiratory pressure and an expiration pressure
• B. An inspiratory pressure and an expiratory positive airway pressure
• C. A low and high pressure setting
• D. Only a peak inspiratory pressure

Answer: (B)

In bilevel pressure assist ventilation, the clinician sets both an inspiratory pressure and an expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP). This mode is designed to provide two distinct levels of pressure: a higher pressure to assist with inhalation (the inspiratory pressure) and a lower pressure that maintains airway patency during exhalation (the EPAP).

Setting these two pressure levels is crucial because it allows for greater control over the patient's ventilation and can improve oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination. The inspiratory pressure supports the patient's inhalation efforts, making it easier to achieve adequate tidal volumes, while the EPAP helps prevent the airway from collapsing, especially in patients with obstructive lung conditions.

This approach is particularly beneficial for patients with respiratory distress or those requiring assistance in breathing, as it can provide the necessary support without constant high-level pressure, which might lead to discomfort or complications. The specific setting of these pressures is usually tailored to the patient's needs, taking into account their condition and response to therapy.